Now is the time: The effects of linguistic time reference and national time orientation on innovative new ventures

Two perspectives stand out in examining international variations innovative new venture creation: institutions and national culture. However, systematic insights into the interconnections between institutional cultural their effects on entrepreneurship are severely lacking. In order to fill this gap, current research integrates two prominent yet under-explored factors: linguistic future-time reference (FTR) as an factor long-term orientation a factor, considers how they linked through time perspective reflected risk uncertainty perception. Drawing upon relativity theory theory, we propose that with strong FTR languages cultures short-term more likely foster creation. We utilized merged, multi-level, multi-source data of 34,673 entrepreneurs from 42 countries test our hypotheses. also conducted series scenario-based, intra-group experiments bilingual further confirm strong-FTR has positive relationship Results offer compelling support for